a16z Crypto发文探讨区块链“抗审查性”与“低延迟”之间的根本性矛盾
Odaily星球日报讯 a16z Crypto 发文探讨区块链“抗审查性”与“低延迟”之间的根本性矛盾，指出任何具备抗审查能力的拜占庭容错（BFT）区块链协议，在超过五分之一验证者可能作恶的情况下，其最优 good-case latency 至少需要 5 轮通信，而传统 BFT 共识最低仅需 3 轮。
文章指出，传统 BFT 协议中，区块提议者同时掌握区块构建与共识推进权力，因此可通过排除特定交易实施审查，这也是大量 MEV 问题的根源。为解决该问题，以太坊正在研究 FOCIL / EIP-7805，Solana 则研究 Constellation 与 MCP 等机制，其核心思路均为在区块正式提议前，由验证者提前收集不可被忽略的交易“包含列表（Inclusion Lists）”。
a16z Crypto 表示，实现抗审查需要额外两轮通信：首先用户交易需广播给所有验证者，其后验证者需确认并写入 inclusion list，之后共识流程才能开始。因此，在部分同步网络环境下，不存在仅用 4 轮即可同时实现 BFT 与抗审查的协议设计，5 轮是数学上的理论下限。
文章强调，虽然抗审查机制会增加协议延迟，但它能够显著降低用户实际面临的“有效延迟”。在缺乏抗审查能力的系统中，交易可能因验证者审查而被无限期延后；而在具备抗审查保证的系统中，交易最迟将在 5 轮通信内被纳入区块，从而让交易确认时间更具可预测性。
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